Understand highlights of how nephrology has been practiced from Hippocrates to the present.

To recognize the high prevalence of motor vehicle accidents, crash-related mortality and the types/locations of such accidents in older adults.
To describe the motor and cognitive processes required for safe driving.
To state risk factors and screening tools available to identify unsafe older adult drivers.
To dscuss the standards for licensing and re-testing in Wisconsin and adjacent states.
To outline adjustments and interventions that may increase the safety of impaired drivers.
To describe a compassionate approach for license removal and driving cessation when this becomes a necessity.

To describe how prevalence of sleep apnea, periodic limb movements (PLMs) and restless leg syndrome (RLS) changes as we age.
To recognize how a structured sleep history can be used to increase the effectiveness of diagnosing these primary sleep disturbances.
To review diagnostic strategies and criteria which define these conditions.
To name common modifying and exacerbating conditions that can worsen the severity of sleep apnea, PLMs and RLS.
To review therapeutic approaches used to manage these conditions.

Review the epidemology of
-pelvic floor dysfunction
-pelvic prolapse
-urinary incontinence
-fecal incontinence
Describe the multidisciplinary pelvic floor clinic at UWHC.
Review the advantages of a multidisciplinary approach to patients with complex problems.

1) Identify recent changes and new recommendations from the NAEPP Asthma Guidelines
2) Describe select pivotal trials that influenced the changes in the NAEPP Asthma Guidelines
3) Discuss the practice implications from the NAEPP Asthma Guideline changes

Gain a historic perspective on biological weapons of mass destruction.
Review the CDC list of likely agents of bioterrorism in terms of pathogenesis and clinical presentation.
Discuss appropriate preparedness planning.
Gain a primary care perspective on issues of bioterrorism.

1. Review the changing epidemiology of MRSA infections.
2. Discuss antibiotics and resistance issues.
3. Compare features of different MRSA infections.
4. Discuss options for the treatment and control of MRSA.

Anatomy.
Understand pathology.
Treatment options.

Pathology, diagnostic tests, and treatment.

Know the differential diagnosis of a child with an abdominal tumor.
Understand imaging and laboratory studies relevant to work-up of a child with an abdominal mass.
Understand the importance of surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy in treating various abdominal tumors.

An understanding of the causes, evaluation, and management of pain in the school-age child.

The typical trauma patient suffers a blunt abdominal injury as part of a multiple injury.
Traditional treatment
Current diagnosis and management of ruptured spleens.
APSA Trauma Committee recommendation.
Liver injuries have much higher associated mortality if they require open procedure.
Renal injuries have high association with other solid visceral injuries.
Hollow visceral injuries are poorly diagnosed by CAT scan.

Participants will be able to list risk factors for accidental hypothermia.
Participants will understand the risks related to the different severities of accidental hypothermia.
Participants will understand the priorities in treating hypothermia and management techniques.

Understand natural history of untreated acetabular fractures.
Recognize operative indications.
X-ray interpretation of common patterns.

Understand examples of the study of the natural history of the most common dwarfing disorder.
Gain a perspective of what needs to be known to truly understand any human genetic disorder.

To understand the rationale for the use of acid suppressive therapy in the hospital setting.
To review clinical situations where acid is integral to the pathophysiology.
To describe the role of acid suppressive therapy in the prevention of upper GI re-bleeding and for prophylaxis of stress related mucosal damage.

The role of hepatobiliary scanning is underutilized in acute cholecystitis especially as a recent meta-analysis shows it to be better than ultrasound for diagnosis.
Diagnostic algorithms will be provided for the two main presentations of acute cholecystitis: classical symptoms and right upper quadrant pain.

Understanding of presentation - diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhagic stroke including new endovascular therapy.

To assess, diagnose and manage the patient with nosocomial infectious diarrhea.
Understand trends in epidemiology of common community-acquired enteric infections.
Learn new and upcoming treatments for traveler's diarrhea.
Management of common community-acquired enteric infections.

1. Be able to recognize hyperactive ischemic stroke.
2. Become familiar with the emergent evaluation and supportive care of acute stroke.
3. Become familiar with the treatment of acute neurological complications and their impact and recognize the various etiologies of acute stroke.
4. Begin an understanding of the role of thrombolytic therapy in the treatment of acute stroke and familiar with "Brain Attack" protocols.
5. Become familiar with antithrombotic therapy, neuronal protective therapy, and surgical therapy in acute stroke.

Understand general management of ischemic stroke.
Understand current controbersies regarding TPA.
Understand guture therapies for ischemic stroke.

Be able to describe the adverse physiological effects of unrelieved acute pain.
Know that unrelieved acute pain is a risk factor for the development of chronic pain.
Understand the concept of multimodal therapy for the management of acute postoperative and trauma pain.
Know the combinations of therapies used to provide multimodal (balanced) analgesia.

Differential diagnosis and management.

To provide an overview of acute renal failure in medical and surgical patients.
To provide guidelines for prevention, early diagnosis and management of acute renal failure.

Why vulnerability increase with age, most common causes, how to prevent and how to manage.

Review of new and upcoming therapies for the hyperacute stroke time period.

Overview of the many causes and treatment of stroke, especially acute intervention of ischemic stroke.

To review when adjuvant treatment is beneficial
How is it best given
What is the impact of mesorectal exlusion upon the need for adjuvant treatment

Participants will gain knowledge regarding the epidemiology, signs/symptoms, diagnosis, course, outcome and treatment of depression in adolescents.
Participants will be able to identify ways to assess and competently refer adolescents who are suicidal.
Updated for 2005-2006.

Learners will be able to discuss the parameters that define sexually healthy adolescents and define the characteristics of at-risk youth.

Objectives:
1. Review normal adolescent sleep architecture
2. Overview of common sleep problems found in adolescence
3. Discussion of treatment options for disorders

Understand the types and extent of violence experienced by adolescents.
Be able to provide anticipatory guidance on key areas of adolescent violence.
Be able to screen for violence among all adolescent patients.

Diagnosis and pre-operative evaluation
Surgical management
Adjuvant therapies

Recognize the clinical features of adrenal insufficiency and Cushing's syndrome.
Know the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of adrenal insufficiency.

The management of hyperaldosteronism and pheochromocytoma.
The work-up of adrenal lesions.
The role of laparoscopic adrenal surgery.

Overview the changing face of congential heart disease.
Review most common congenital malformations seen in adults.
Review the management of adults who had operations for congenital heart disease as children.

Understand limitation of lipid panel.
Understand lipoprotein contribution to atherogenesis.
Demonstrate examples of advanced lipid testing.
Clarify role of ALT in risk assesment.

Objectives:
1. To review current strategies of seed implants for low-risk prostate cancer
2. To review clinical rationale and techniques of partial breast irradiation
3. To briefly review selection criteria and available data for brachytherapy for prostate and breast cancers

Describe the characteristics of the current staging tests including endoscopic ultrasound and PET scanning.
Understand the role of combined modality chemoradiation in the management of esophogeal cancer.
Describe current controversies and questions in the management of esophogeal cancer.

Understand this condition and to become familiar with treatment options.

Basics of patient selection, management capabilities and background on UW Med Flight.

The pertinent anatomy of the pediatric upper aerodigestive tract will be reviewed.
Evaluation, differential diagnosis, workup and treatment of various causes of airway obstruction will be discussed, including croup, epiglottitis, and foreign bodies.

Personal, family, and social risk factors and health.

Define the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis.
Define the evaluation of the patient with rhinitis.
Define the treatment of rhinitis.

Identify patients that could benefit from treatment with immunotherapy.
Understand the risks and potential benefits of immunotherapy.
Explain to patients current and future options for immunotherapy treatment.

Define patients in need of allergy testing.
Describe the methods of allergy testing.
Define who should conduct allergy testing.

Understand current improved surgical outcomes of hypospadias repair.
Understand the evaluation & surgical management of ambiguous genitalia.
Understand historical perspectives and current trends in circumcision.

Review the indications for amnioinfusion.
Review the techniques for amnioinfusion.
Review the outcomes of interest when applying amnioinfusion intrapartum.

Current indications for primary amputation.

Nutrional, supplements, mind-body and spiritual influences to atherosclerosis and its prevention.

Environment influences such as xenobiotics and hormonal effects on prostate cancer.
Supplements to protect from prostate cancer.
Botanicals used to reduce prostate inflammation.

Understand key aspects of ESRD.
Understand modalities of therapy for ESRD.

Provide an understanding on the indications and counterindications for pediatric kidney transplant
An overview of the evaluation process for transplant
An overview of pediatric kidney transplant outcomes and common complications
An overview of post-transplant follow-up care specific to pediatric patients

Learn that AAS are capable of enhancing performance in many sports.
Learn that AAS have many side effects, a small number of which are permanent.
(presentation requires two slide projectors)

Understand concept of analgesic rebound headache.
Learn usual presentation of analgesic rebound headache.
Learn management strategies for analgesic rebound headache.

Define the pathophysiology of anaphylaxis.
Describe the clinical features of anaphylaxis.
Discuss the treatment of anaphylaxis.

List possible causes of anaphylaxis.
Review signs, symptoms, and pathogenesis of anaphylaxis.
Understand current treatment of anaphylaxis.

Management of anesthesia for different CNS states including intercranial masses, cerebral aneurysms, and carotid endarterectomy.

1) Know the epidemiology of pediatric near drowning
2) Understand the pathophysiological processes involved in anoxic-ischemic injury
3) Be knowledgable in current therapies and prognostic factors vs. factor

Discuss common topical treatment plans for burns.
Identify those patients that can be treated as outpatients.
Describe protocols to follow a trauma.
List criteria for transfer to a burn center.
Outline medications used in burn care.
Protocols to follow a trauma, preparation of trauma and burns for transport to trauma/burn facility.

Learn the common and uncommon causes of anterior knee pain in young athletes.
Learn the principles of management of extensor mechanism disorders of the knee.
(presentation requires two slide projectors)

Explain the mechanisms of penicillin resistance in S. Pneumonia, methicillin resistance in S. Aureus, vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus and ESBL resistance in Klebsiella and E. Coli.
Explain how such resistance is detected in the lab.
List the antibiotics that are active against these organisms.

To review the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance.
To review appropriate use of antimicrobials.
To understand outpatient - inpatient therapeutic implications of antibiotic resistance.

Recognize the common antibiotic resistant organisms and their modes of transmission.
Know proper control measures to prevent the spread of antibiotic resistant organisms.
Understand the proper use of antibiotics to prevent the occurrence of antibiotic resistance.

To optimize the use of antibiotics in clinical practice. To decrease
antibiotic resistance.

Understand the pharmacology and clinical use of warfarin, heparin, and the newer heparin derivatives.

1. Review the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance in the community and especially the hospital and nursing home, and its relevance as regards choice of antiinfective therapy for serious infections.
2. Review the most useful older antimicrobials available and their indications.
3. Examine critically the newer drugs now available and their potential roles in practice.
4. Review first choice regimens for the most common multi-resistant infections.

Define common presenting features of subjects with aPL.
Understand appropriate testing to confirm the presence of aPL.
Understand varying treatment options for aPL - related events.

Review of the current American Heart Association guidelines on some of the issues of antithrombotic and antiplatelet therapeutic choices based on ischemic stroke subtype.

Platelets are known to contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerosis and narrowing of coronary and cerebral arteries.
In addition, platelets are the cells that initiate coronary thrombosis producing unstable angina and myocardial infarction.
Thus, there is considerable interest in drugs like aspirin or foods containing flavonoids which, when taken daily, turn down or reduce platelet activity.
Red wine, grape juice, and aspirin inhibit platelet activity by different mechanisms and the evidence for this will be discussed.

Understand incidence, morbidity, and treatment of AA with emphasis on decision-making in treatment.

Signs and Symptoms
Treatment Options
Outcomes

Diagnosis and treatment of aortic dissections.

1. Understand the pathophysiology of aortic root aneurysms and aortic insufficiency with particular focus in connective tissue disorders and Marfan syndrome
2. Discuss indications for surgery, options available, management, follow-up and results of surgery
3. Understand the differences between the two most important techniques of aortic valve sparing root replacement for aortic root disease, namely the remodeling technique described by Professor Yacoub (England)and the reimplantation technique described by Dr. T David from Toronto. Advantages and disadvantages of one technique over the other. This will include video presentations.
4. Clarify why the reimplantation technique is the preferred method for the patient with aortic root aneurysm and Marfan Syndrome and other connective disorders.

Participants will be able to list the risk factors for aortic valve surgery.
Participants will understand the criteria for the diagnosis of aortic valve surgery.
Participants will be able to explain to their patients the different options for treatment of aortic valve surgery.

To define the spectrum of compromise.
To review infections a/w immune deficiency states.
To review the approach to diagnosis and treatment.

The participant will be able to describe the normal anatomy and the pathologic anatomy of the lower back.
The participant will be able to describe the disease-specific approach to treatment of low back pain.

Terminology.
Clinical evaluation.
Treatment decisions.

Understand basic management of the overdose patient.
Recognize basic toxidromes.
Learn some basic antidotes.

List 2 ways in which early identification of congenital anomalies and establishing and underlying diagnosis can be beneficial to patients and their families.
Identify historical and physical clues to the significance of congenital anomalies.
Obtain additional historical, physical, and laboratory data appropriate for the further evaluation of a patient with congenital anomalies.
Define and apply terms commonly used in the description of congenital anomolies.

Know the approach to patients presenting with rheumatic complaints. Recognize the typical patterns of presentation for the most common forms of arthritis. Be able to obtain a detailed Rheumatologic history. Recognize typical physical findings of rheumatic disorders.

Describe steroselective metabolism for proton pump inhibitors.
Compare and contrast pharmacokinetic differences between the proton pump inhibitors.
Integrate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles into the process of optimizing therapy with proton pump inhibitors.

1. Be able to understand the mechanisms for development of tachy- and bradyarrythmias in repaired and unrepaired forms of congenital heart disease
2. Be able to understand complexities in repaired congenital heart disease in terms of pacemaker and ICD device implantation
3. Be able to understand the routine screening and exercise recommendations for patients with congenital heart disease

Understand NSAID induced gastric disease.
Explain therapy for NSAID gastric disease.
Understand controversies in therapy for NSAID induced gastric disease.

Arthroscopic treatment of hip injuries in athletes.
Hip arthroscopy: technique, indications, and results.

Describe the pathophysiology of asthma.
Define the methods to evaluate asthma severity.
Define the treatment of asthma under current guidelines.

1) Discuss the diagnosis and treatment of asthma
2) Review patient and family education
3) Discuss the environmental issues in asthma management

Review of primary hyperparathyroidism
NIH guidelines for parathyroidectomy
Benefits of parathyroidectomy
Current surgical approaches for parathyroidectomy

Identify diagnostic criteria of atopic dermatitis.
Identify risk factors for atopic dermatitis.
Explain different treatment options to patients.

Participants will be able to evaluate new onset atrial fibrillation.
Participants will understand the current guidelines for anticoagulation.
Participants will be familiar with the options for antiarrhythmic drug therapy for atrial fibrillation.
Participants will review new ablation techniques to treat atrial fibrillation.

The objectives of the talk are:
1. Understand the incidence and prevalence of atrial fibrillation and its costs to society.
2. Understand the mechanisms that trigger and maintain atrial fibrillation.
3. Understand the medical treatments for atrial fibrillation including anticoagulation, rate control and rhythm control strategies.
4. Understand the indications for atrial fibrillation ablation.
5. Understand the techniques, risks, limitations, and success rates of various invasive ablation approaches.

Appreciate the prevalence and natural history of ADHD.
Review the DSM-IV criteria for diagnosis of ADHD.
Learn about use of "blinded trials" of methylphendiate and how to incorporate into practice.
Review the current therapeutic options for treatment and follow-up.

Brief review of definition of ADD/ADHD.
Brief review of what often is mistaken for ADD/ADHD but is not.
Brief review of components of a comprehensive evaluation.
Discussion of medication options for treatment of children and teen swith ADD/ADHD.

To understand and interpret audiograms.
To understand and use appropriately tympanometry, acoustic reflux, and reflux decay.

Increase awareness that ADPKD is a common genetic disorder and an important cause of hypertension and end stage renal disesease.Early diagnosis, medical management to control hypertension can slow the progression of renal failure.Recent developments in a genetic mechanisms of the disease may prove an opportunity to "cure" this condition.

Accurate estimation of risk of malpractice and risk factors.
Understand causes of malpractice and how to reduce risk.

1. Attendees will improve patient care through a better understanding of issues relating to patient safety.
2. Attendees will be able to lower their risk of malpractice actions by understanding the factors that lead to action.
3. Attendees will be able to reduce the professional and personal harm that can result from being sued.